3^rd International Conference on Depression, Anxiety and Stress Management June 21-22, 2017 London, UK

Anxiety is a combination of several disorders that includes nervousness, fear, apprehension and worrying. These disorders affect our feelings and behavior. Anxiety is a worrying about future events and fear is a reaction to currently occurring events. Physical symptoms that are caused due to these feelings are shakiness and fast heart rate. There are number of anxiety disorders which include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder and agoraphobia. The cause of anxiety disorders includes a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The disorder differs by what symptoms are present in an individual. People usually have more than one anxiety disorder.

Depression is a low mood that lasts for a long time, and affects your everyday life. People with a depressive mood can feel sad, anxious, helpless, hopeless, worthless, irritable, angry, ashamed, restless or guilty. They may even lose interest in activities that were once pleasurable to them, experience loss of appetite, have problems concentrating remembering some details or making decisions, experiencing relationship difficulties and may scrutinize. Problems like Insomnia, fatigue, aches, excessive sleeping, pains, digestive problems or reduced energy may also present. Depression can even mean just being in low spirits. It doesn’t stop an individual leading a normal life but makes everything harder to do and seem less worthwhile. At its most severe, depression can be life threatening because it can make a person feel suicidal or simply give up the will to live

Schizophrenia is characterized as a mental disorder or abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is fact. Common symptoms include delusions or confused thinking, false beliefs, hearing voices, wanting to avoid people, reduced social engagement and lack of motivation. People with schizophrenia usually have additional mental health problems like anxiety disorders, substance use disorders or major depressive illness. Symptoms typically come on gradually, begin in childhood, adulthood and last a long time. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression; it is a mental disorder with periods of elevated moods and depression. The elevated mood is significant and it is also known as mania or hypomania, depending on its severity or symptoms of psychosis that are present. During mania an individual feels abnormally energetic, irritable or happy. Individuals often make poor thought out decisions with little regard to the situations. The need for sleep is usually reduced in manic phases.

Stress can be explained as an individual’s body’s way of responding to any kind of threat or demand or Stress is a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical and mental equilibrium. . When an individual feel threatened, nervous system responds by releasing a number of stress hormones including adrenaline and cortisol, which rouse the body for emergency reaction. In such cases heart pounds faster, blood pressure rises, muscles tighten, senses become sharper and breath quickens. These physical changes can increase an individual’s strength and stamina, speed their reaction time, and enhance their focus. This is even known as the “fight or flight” response or mobilization stress response and it is yours body’s way of protecting you.

Insomnia is also known as sleeplessness, it is a sleep disorder where people have trouble in sleeping.  They may have difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep as long as they desire.  Insomnia is followed by daytime sleepiness, irritability, low energy and depressive mood. It results in an increased risk of motor vehicle collisions, as well as problems like focusing and learning. Insomnia can be short term, lasting for days or weeks or long term or lasting more than a month.

Stress doesn't only make a person feel awful emotionally. It can also exacerbate about any health condition you can think of. Studies have found several health problems related to stress. Stress seems to be worsened or increase the risk of conditions like heart disease, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, headache, diabetes, depression, accelerated aging, gastrointestinal problems, asthma and premature death.

Mood disorders are characterized as a group of mental health problems that includes all types of depressionand bipolar disorder. Mood disorders are sometimes termed as affective disorders. There are certain chemicals in the brain that are responsible for positive moods. Some chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters) control the brain chemicals that affect mood of a person. Mood disorders may be caused by a chemical imbalance that occurs in brain. This imbalance can happen on its own or along with environmental factors like unexpected life events or long-lasting stress. In children it is chronically irritable and experiences frequent, severe temper outbursts. In adults the disorders like hallucinations and delusions can be seen.

The word ‘personality’ is referred to the pattern of thoughts, behavior and feelings and that makes each of us individuals that we are. These affect the way we feel, think and behave towards others and ourselves. We do not always feel, think and behave in exactly the same way; it depends on the situation we are, the people with us and many other things. But we tend to behave in fairly predictable ways. Personality disorders are a type of mental health problem where an individual’s beliefs, attitudes and behaviours cause longstanding problems in life. An individual’s experience of personality disorder is unique to you. However, people may often experience difficulties in how to think about themselves and others. Personality disorder can show itself in many different ways.

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by sudden attacks of panic and fear.  Panic attacksmay occur suddenly without a known reason, but more frequently they are triggered by fear producing thoughts or events. Symptoms of panic attacks include increased heartbeat, strange chest sensations, dizziness, shortness of breath and anxiousness. Panic disorder is believed to be an abnormal activation of the body's hormonal system. Treatment includes cognitive behavioural therapy, using exposure to effect symptom reduction and use of medication. Trauma is a disordered psychical or behavioral state resulting from severe emotional, mental stress or physical injury. Traumatic event leaves psychological symptoms long after any physical injuries have healed. It usually occurs after extremely stressful event, such as natural disasters, wartime combat or sexual or physical abuse; its symptoms even include depression, flashbacks, anxiety and recurring nightmares.

Yoga is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines. Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Raja yoga. Yoga is a technique of controlling the body and mind. Yoga is a meditative means of discovering dysfunctional perception and cognition, as well as overcoming it for release from suffering, inner peace and salvation. Yoga as described in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali refers to Ashtanga yoga. Holistic Health is an approach to life. Rather than focusing on specific parts of the body or illness, this ancient approach towards health considers the whole person and how he/she interacts with his/her environment. It emphasizes the connection of body, mind and spirit.

Stress, depression and anxiety carry a high risk of suicide. More than 90% of people those who suicide has been diagnosed with illness such as clinical depression, and usually in combination with stress, anxiety or substance use disorders and other mental disorders. Suicide affects all age groups including children. Most of the people die by committing suicide than from automobile accidents. Most of the suicides are preventable but many who are at risk for attempting suicide never receives the treatment they need because of lack of access to care or lack of knowledge about their symptoms. Almost everyone who attempts suicide has symptoms that mental health treatment could relieve

Some people feel very scared, embarrassed, guilty or ashamed about reporting abuse. Some people blame themselves or believe that they deserve to be abused. Sexual abuse is a crime which can have a huge impact on health and well-being. Children having mental illness, physical disability or learning disability are more than twice as likely to report childhood sexual abuse. Childhood sexual abuse can happen in any community factors like poverty, homelessness and racism can increase the risk of sexual abuse. Substance use disorder also known as drug use disorder, it is a condition in which the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress. Substance use disorder refers to dependence or over use of a drug leading to effect individual’s mental and physical health. In 2013 drug use disorders resulted in 127,000 deaths up from 53,000 in 1990.

Phobia is an irrational fear and avoidance of any situation or object even when there is no danger. Phobias are different from generalized anxiety disorders, because a phobia has a fear response which is identified with a specific cause. The fear may be irrational or unnecessary, but the person is unable to control the anxiety. Stimuli for phobia may be as varied as situations or everyday objects. To treat phobia the first preference is to consult a psychiatrist. Simple or specific phobias can be quite effectively treated with behaviour therapy.

Workplace stress is the harmful emotional and physical responses that can happen when there is a conflict between job demands on employee and the amount of control that an employee has over meeting those demands. Generally the combination of high demands in job and low amount of control over the situation can lead to stress. Stress in the workplace may have many origins or come from one single event. But, it can have impact on both employees and employers alike. Fear of job redundancy, increased demands for overtime due to staff cutbacks and layoffs due to an uncertain economy act as negative stressors. The relentless requirement to work at optimum performance results in job dissatisfaction, reduced efficiency, employee turnover, illness and even death.

The number of health problems related to stress might be alarming, don't despair. Several studies suggest that stress management techniques will not only make feel better, but they might have many health benefits. For instance, one study of heart attack survivors found that taking a stress management class reduced their risks of second cardiac event by 74%. There's even some evidence that stress management will improve immunity. Still, many of us remain unaware about stress management. Stress management might seem likely to be a nice idea, but completely impossible. Though you may not be able to remove all stressful things from life, but an individual can change based on how he respond to them. That is what stress management is all about. To relieve stressmedications like sedatives, antidepressants, beta blockers and nutrient supplements can be used.

Depression is a state of mind where a person feels discouraged, hopeless, unmotivated or uninterested in life. If these feelings last for more than two – three weeks then these feelings interfere with daily activities like caring for family, spending time with family and friends, going to office or school, then it is considered as a major depressive episode. Depression can be treated by Psychotherapy whereas Talk therapy is an extremely effective treatment for depression. Mostly three common methods are used in the treatment of depression which includes Interpersonal therapy, Cognitive behavioural therapy and Psychodynamic therapy. Depression medication may be most advertised treatment, but that doesn’t mean it is the most effective treatment because Antidepressant medications come with side effects and safety concerns and withdrawal can be very difficult.

Stress therapies refers to the wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed to control a person's levels of stress, especially chronic stress, mostly for the purpose of improving everyday functioning. Feelings of stress are a reaction to things happening in life, it’s not a mental health problem, so there is no specific medication for stress. However, there are various medications available which may help to reduce or manage some of the signs of stress which include sleeping pills or minor tranquillizers and antidepressants. There are even stress therapies which include Eco therapy, acupuncture, family therapy aromatherapy and mindfulness.

Psychopharmacology is the branch of psychology that deals with the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior. Psychopharmacologists need to understand the clinically relevant principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Psychopharmacology treatment for stress is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are only moderately effective as a first line treatment. Psychoactive drugsexhibit their sensory and behavioral effects almost entirely by acting on neurotransmitters and by modifying one or more aspects of synaptic transmission.